Oven Temperature Conversion Guide: Celsius, Fahrenheit & Gas Mark
Whether you're following a British recipe that uses Gas Mark numbers or an American recipe in Fahrenheit, converting oven temperatures is a daily challenge for home cooks. This complete reference guide covers every common temperature with practical cooking guidance.
The Conversion Formula
The mathematical relationship between Fahrenheit and Celsius is:
- °F to °C: (°F − 32) × 5/9
- °C to °F: (°C × 9/5) + 32
For quick mental math, remember that 350°F ≈ 175°C — the most common baking temperature.
Complete Oven Temperature Conversion Table
| Fahrenheit | Celsius | Gas Mark | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 225°F | 107°C | ¼ | Very low / cool |
| 250°F | 121°C | ½ | Very low |
| 275°F | 135°C | 1 | Low |
| 300°F | 149°C | 2 | Low / slow |
| 325°F | 163°C | 3 | Moderately low |
| 350°F | 177°C | 4 | Moderate / medium |
| 375°F | 190°C | 5 | Moderately hot |
| 400°F | 204°C | 6 | Hot |
| 425°F | 218°C | 7 | Hot |
| 450°F | 232°C | 8 | Very hot |
| 475°F | 246°C | 9 | Very hot |
| 500°F | 260°C | 10 | Extremely hot / broil |
Fan Oven (Convection) Adjustments
Fan-assisted ovens (convection ovens) circulate hot air, cooking food faster and more evenly. When using a fan oven, reduce the temperature by 15–20°C (25–35°F) or reduce the cooking time by 10–15% compared to a conventional oven setting.
| Conventional | Fan/Convection |
|---|---|
| 160°C (325°F) | 140°C (285°F) |
| 180°C (350°F) | 160°C (320°F) |
| 200°C (400°F) | 180°C (355°F) |
| 220°C (425°F) | 200°C (390°F) |
Common Cooking Temperatures by Food Type
Baking
| Food | Temperature | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Bread (loaf) | 375–400°F (190–200°C) | 25–35 min |
| Cookies | 325–375°F (160–190°C) | 8–15 min |
| Cakes (layer) | 325–350°F (160–175°C) | 25–35 min |
| Muffins | 375–400°F (190–200°C) | 18–22 min |
| Cheesecake | 300–325°F (150–165°C) | 50–70 min |
| Pie crust (blind bake) | 375°F (190°C) | 15–20 min |
Roasting
| Food | Temperature | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Whole chicken | 425°F (220°C) | 15 min/lb |
| Chicken pieces | 400°F (200°C) | 35–45 min |
| Beef roast (medium) | 325°F (165°C) | 20 min/lb |
| Pork loin | 350°F (175°C) | 20 min/lb |
| Vegetables | 400–425°F (200–220°C) | 20–35 min |
| Potatoes | 400°F (200°C) | 45–60 min |
Casseroles and Baked Dishes
Most casseroles cook well at 350°F (175°C) for 30–60 minutes. Dishes with raw meat should reach an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C) for poultry or 145°F (63°C) for pork and beef.
Why Oven Temperatures Vary
Home ovens are often inaccurate by 25–50°F (14–28°C). An oven thermometer is one of the most valuable tools a home baker can own. Place it in the center of the oven and compare the reading to the dial setting — then adjust accordingly.
Broiling vs. Grilling
In American terminology, broiling means cooking under direct top heat. In British and Australian terminology, this is called grilling. Both use temperatures of 500–550°F (260–290°C) and are used for browning and caramelizing the surface of food quickly.
Use our Oven Temperature Converter [blocked] to convert any temperature instantly.
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The Sarah Mitchell is dedicated to providing comprehensive, accurate cooking guides and techniques. Our articles are researched and written by experienced cooks and culinary professionals.